学位英语考试复习笔记

2022-2023 学年硕士生学位英语考试于 2023 年 3 月 11 日 9:30 - 11:30 举行。

2022-2023学年学位英语考试提示

2022-2023学年硕士生学位英语考试简介

考试题型和分数分布

听力 Listening Comprehension：20%

长对话或篇章3-4篇，单选题15个，填空题5个，

词汇 Vocabulary：10%

1）词汇填空题5题，单选，如下例：

Many difficulties have ______ as a result of the change over to a new type of fuel.

A) risen B) arisen C) raised D) arrived

2）词汇划线题5题，单选，如下例：

The people of the Miao ethnic group entertain guests in their distinctive way.

A) hold B) treat C) maintain D) encourage

完形填空 Cloze：10%

短文一篇，含10个空，从12个词中分别选择正确答案填入空内。

阅读理解 Reading Comprehension：30%

短文2-3篇，单选题15个。

读后写作：30%

阅读图表一份，总结报告数据，并就图表主题展开进行解释、说明、讨论。

样题：图表写作样题：Earnings and unemployment rate

图表写作

评分标准（满分30分）

评分1：数据描述（满分10分）

观察点1：数据来源，明确指出了数据的来源，如：According to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics 2020 survey

观察点2：概括总结，简洁语言概括说明图表要旨

观察点3：重点数据，突出的数据、趋势等

评分2：数据解读（满分10分）

观察点1：关联度，基于数据的理解和解读，阐释的内容与图表信息匹配，关联性高

观察点2：合理性，观点明确、合理，论据充分

评分3：语言表达（满分10分）

观察点1：语言准确性，用词准确，语法正确，篇章结构完整，语意连贯，符合逻辑

观察点2：语言得体性，显示了学术英语的正式性特征，表达客观、得体

What does the writing task look like? 写作任务是什么样子的

Write about source material 根据源材料写作

• Interpret visual information (e.g., table, chart, diagram, graph, process)
  解释看到的信息（例如，表格、图表、示意图、图形、流程图）
• Conduct information transfer
  进行信息变换（图→文字）

The two primary aims 两个主要目标

1) Describe the visual information 描述图中信息

Paragraph 1 outlines the trend or pattern and summarizes the information shown in the figure. Highlight the key points.
在第1段概括趋势或模式，总结图中所示的信息。突出重点。

2) Present your stance 给出自己的观点

Paragraph 2 provides possible explanations or personal comments in response to the trend or pattern revealed in the figure, i.e., Why do these patterns occur or what do you think about them?
在第2段提供可能的解释或个人评论，以回应图中显示的趋势或模式，即，为什么会出现这些模式或您对其有何看法？

The ideal word count 理想词数

Between 200-220 words
200到220词之间

100-110 words per paragraph
每段100-110词

How to write the task? 如何完成写作任务？

Paragraph 1: Describe the visual information 第1段：描述图中信息

1. Write an introduction
   写一个简介
2. Write an overview (a summary of what you see)
   写一个概述（概括所见内容）
3. Present and highlight the key features with figures (data)
   用数字（数据）展示和突出关键特征

1.1 Write an introduction 写一个简介

• To tell the reader what you are going to write about.
  告诉读者你要写什么。
  For example, what the visual diagram is, the data source and when the data was collected and by whom.
  例如，图表是什么、数据源、数据收集的时间以及由谁收集
• Can be one sentence (if there are more than one diagrams...).
  可以是一句话（如果有多个图表的话需要都介绍，可以使用1-2句话）
• ls the question written into your own words (paraphrased).
  这个问题是用你自己的话写的吗（解释）

DO

• Write a clear introduction to describe what you see.
  写一个清晰的简介来描述你所看到的。
• Paraphrase the question prompt. Use synonyms and phrases for non-key information.
  重新解释问题。 对非关键信息使用同义词和短语。
  E.g. unemployed = people who are unemployed
  1970-2000 = over three decades from 1970 to 2000.
  例如，失业人员 = 失业的人
  1970-2000年 = 从1970年到2000年间的30多年。
• Use keywords in your introduction.
  在介绍中使用关键字。
  E.g. dates, times, countries, genders.
  例如日期、时间、国家、性别。
• Introduce all charts, diagrams or tables.
  介绍所有的图表、示意图或表格。

DON'T

• Present irrelevant information.
  不要提供不相关的信息。
  E.g. the x-axis, the y-axis, the grey line represents female unemployment, the black triangle is males.
  例如，x轴、y轴、灰色线表示女性失业，黑色三角形表示男性。

• Copy the question prompt word-for-word. (E.g. phrases from the question.)
  不要照抄问题。

• Change the keywords in the question to inaccurate synonyms.
  不要将问题中的关键字更改为不准确的同义词。
  E.g. unemployed females in Australia to unemployed girls in Oz.
  例如，把澳大利亚的待业女性写成澳大利亚的待业女孩。

Sample introductions 简介示例

• Table 表格
  • The table compares the number of cars that were made in France, Germany and Norway over a decade from 2000 to 2010.
• Graph 图表
  • This graph depicts the median weekly wages and unemployment rate by educational attainment in the United States in 2020.
• Two charts 两个图表
  • The pie charts show the main energy resources used to generate power in a town in Australia, while the table shows how much energy was consumed by the community in 1989.

1.2 The overview 写一个概述

• The overview should summarise what you see in the visual diagram.
  概述应总结在图中看到的内容。
• Present a clear overview of trends/changes/developments/stages/noticeable features.
  清晰概述趋势/变化/发展/阶段/显著特征。

DO

• Use linking words to summarise what you see. (E.g. Overall, To summarise, In summary)
  使用连接词来概括您所看到的内容。（例如，总体、总结、总结）
• Look for trends in the diagram(s).
  在图表中寻找趋势。
  ls there an overall increase, decrease or fluctuation in the visual diagram? Are there any high or low points? ls it stable?
  图表中是否有整体的增加、减少或波动？有高点或低点吗？它稳定吗？
• lf the visual diagram shows future predictions, summarise the future trends in your overview.
  如果视觉图表显示了未来预测，在概述中总结未来趋势。
• Highlight any change in the overall trend of the visual diagram. (For example, a dip)
  突出图表的总体趋势中的变化。（例如，倾斜）

DON'T

• Include data or figures in your overview. Only include a summary of the main trends or features.
  不要在概述中包含数据或数字，仅包括主要趋势或特征的摘要。
• Identify everything in the overview. It should just be a summary statement of the most noticeable features in the diagram.
  确认概述中的所有内容，它应该只是图表中最引人注目的特性的摘要陈述。
• Highlight key features with data (figures).
  用数据（数字）突出关键特征。

Sample overview 概述示例

• Table 表格
  • The table illustrates employment numbers in Australia over a thirty-year period from 1970 to 2000. Overall, it can be clearly seen that the numbers of people employed have increased over the period, whereas the unemployed figures have remained stable.
• Graph 图表
  • The Current Population Survey of the Bureau of Labour Statistics reveals that the unemployment rate rises in tandem with decreasing levels of education.
• Chart 图表
  • The chart compares the number of cars that were made in France, Germany and Norway over a decade from 2000 to 2010. In brief, Germany was the major producer of vehicles over this period followed by France and Norway.

1.3 Key features 关键特征

• The key features are the features that stand out the most in the diagram.
  关键特征是图表中最突出的特征。
  If a diagram shows five countries, then these five countries are the key features.
  如果一个图表显示了五个国家，那么这五个国家就是关键特征。
• Describe the key features in the visual diagram.
  描述图中的关键特征。
• Use data from the visual diagram to support each key feature (e.g., figures, numbers, percentages, buildings, structures, rooms)
  使用图表中的数据来支持每个关键特征（例如，数字、百分比、建筑物、结构、房间）

Recap: Describe the visual information (para.1) 第一段总结

• Write a clear introduction. But don't copy the question.
  写一个清晰的简介。但不要照搬问题。

• Write a clear summary of what you see in the overview.
  在概述中，对看到的内容写一个清晰的总结。

• Present and highlight all the key features with figures (data).
  用数字（数据）展示并突出显示所有关键特征。

Paragraph 2: Present your stance 第2段：给出自己的观点

1. Write a topic sentence: Topic and controlling idea.
   写一个主题句：主题和中心思想
2. Provide possible explanations: Reasonable and relevant.
   提供可能的解释：合理且相关
   • Use the data to support your thoughts if necessary.
     必要时，使用数据来支持你的想法
3. Present your view: Original and insightful.
   给出你的观点：独到且有洞察力

图表写作样题

考题：Earnings and Unemployment Rate

Direction: Write a two-paragraph report based on the figure. Ensure that

1. Paragraph 1 outlines the trend or pattern and summarizes the information shown in the figure. Highlight the key points.
2. Paragraph 2 provides possible explanations or personal comments in response to the trend or pattern revealed in the figure, i.e., Why do these patterns occur or what do you think about them?
3. About 200 words in total.

范文 1

（简介）This graph depicts the median weekly wages and unemployment rate by educational attainment in the United States in 2020. （概述）The Current Population Survey of the Bureau of Labor Statistics reveals that the unemployment rate rises in tandem with decreasing levels of education. （关键特征）Those with the highest levels of education in the United States in 2020 can expect weekly earnings that are nearly three times as high as those with the lowest levels of education who are also working full time. （主旨）The graph exemplifies the central role of education in preparing one for the job market and demonstrates the inability of those without a degree to support themselves financially.

（主旨）Higher education is typically required in the current American job market to earn one's desired salary. （解释）Potential causes for this trend include the increased visibility of employers' educational requirements and the cutthroat nature of today's job market. （解释）Young people are becoming increasingly aware that they cannot avoid becoming economically inactive if they do not pursue higher education. （解释）Many people believe that education plays a significant role in their lives because it not only increases their level of knowledge but also gives them access to better job opportunities. （观点）One of the responsibilities of a Chinese college student is, arguably, to recognize the value of a degree.

（213 words）

范文 2

（简介）According to the Current Population Survey conducted by U.S Bureau of Labor Statistics, （概述）the higher the education attainment, the higher the median usual weekly earnings, and the lower the education attainment, the higher the unemployment rate. （关键特征）As can be seen, persons age 25 and over surveyed who hold a professional degree had the highest median usual weekly earnings, which was as high as 1893, while those who don′t even own a high school diploma have the lowest weekly earnings, which was only 619, under the current survey conditions. （关键特征）Another notable result is that persons surveyed who obtained a doctoral degree had the lowest unemployment rate, while those who don’t own a high school diploma got the highest unemployment rate. （主旨）Significantly, the median usual weekly earnings is closely related to education attainment.

（解释）The reason for the above phenomenon might be that people with higher education attainment have more knowledge and skills than those with lower education attainment. （解释）In addition, it may also be that those who have the ability to obtain higher degrees possess many excellent qualities which those who have lower educational attainment do not possess. （观点）It is these qualities that enable them not only to obtain higher degrees in their studies, but also to obtain higher salaries.

（208 words）